Hepatitis B Vaccine

Hepatitis B vaccines are designed to defend against the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), which can lead to severe liver diseases. The virus can be transmitted through direct contact with the infected person's blood or bodily fluids, or by using shared items like toothbrushes or razors. Newborns can also acquire the infection from their infected mothers during birth, unless they're promptly vaccinated.

Hepatitis B often presents with symptoms such as jaundice (skin or eye yellowing), nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort, and joint pain.

Identifying the Suitable Recipients for the Hepatitis B Vaccine

According to the Singapore National Childhood Immunisation Schedule (NCIS), it's recommended that children receive three doses of the vaccine at prescribed intervals. The first dose is typically administered at birth, with the series usually completed by the age of 6 months, although sometimes it may take longer.

For adults (18 and above) who haven't previously been vaccinated or who don't have evidence of prior infection or immunity, the Singapore National Adult Immunisation Schedule (NAIS) recommends three doses. The initial dose is followed by the second and third doses at one and six months, respectively.

Precautions to Consider Before Hepatitis B Vaccination

Before receiving the Hepatitis B Vaccine, make sure to provide your healthcare provider with the following information:

• Any allergies to the vaccine or its ingredients

• Pregnancy, plans to become pregnant, or currently breastfeeding

• Current medications

• Illness or fever

• History of bleeding disorders

• Compromised immune system, such as if you're undergoing chemotherapy

Administration of the Hepatitis B Vaccine

The Hepatitis B vaccine is typically administered via an injection into a muscle, or sometimes under the skin. It's delivered as a three-dose series under both the NCIS and NAIS.

Under the NCIS, the vaccine may be delivered as a standalone shot, or combined with other vaccines (such as Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, Polio, and Hib) in a single injection.

Certain patients with specific medical conditions, like kidney issues (e.g., hemodialysis) or weakened immune systems, may require a booster dose.

Common Side Effects of the Hepatitis B Vaccine

Post-vaccination, some individuals might experience faintness. It's advised to sit for 15 minutes to prevent fainting. Other common side effects include:

• Pain, redness, and swelling at the injection site. A cold compress can provide relief.

• Headache or fever. Paracetamol can be taken for relief.

• Fatigue, dizziness, irritability. These effects typically resolve on their own.

Serious Side Effects of the Hepatitis B Vaccine Requiring Immediate Medical Attention

Drug allergy symptoms include one or more of the following:

• Facial/eye/lip/tongue swelling

• Breathing difficulties

• Itchy skin rashes throughout the body

If you experience any of these symptoms, immediately notify your healthcare professional.